Woody invaders from contrasted climatic origins distribute differently across the urban-to-rural gradient in oceanic Europe – Is it trait-related?
نویسندگان
چکیده
Alien plant species invasion depends on biotic and abiotic conditions that can represent environmental barriers as compared to their native range conditions. Specifically, little is known about how alien distribute along the urban-to-rural gradients based climatic conditions, these could influence intraspecific trait variation. We studied distribution of eight woody from contrasted climates in European areas with a temperate climate (hereafter termed oceanic Europe). During two consecutive summers Belgian part Europe, we then measured variation using nitrogen balance index (NBI), chlorophyll content, flavonols index, specific leaf area (SLA) internode space. Urban-to-rural were characterized by system local zones (LCZ), percentage artificially sealed surfaces (urbanity) sky view factor (SVF). found LCZ classes was highly dependent range, warm occurring more most urban while ones cool preferred rural or natural areas. However, not related class which they grew, nor climate. Instead, surprisingly consistent effect shielded environments (low SVF) entire gradient development traits. Such induced lower higher NBI SLA, suggesting shade response possibly heat drought stress. Our results show although warmer cooler distributed differently urbanization did Nevertheless, our findings highlight even if ranges are currently present areas, special attention should be paid yet restricted potentially have severe impacts future when spread weaken change.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1610-8167', '1618-8667']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127694